General Equipment
Motor = converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Generator = machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Simplistically, A wire loop rotating between two magnetic poles will generate a current.
Basic motor or solenoid, running current through wire wrapped around an iron core creates a magnetic field, the subsequent magnets can be used to repel or attract each other, creating motion.
Solenoid = wire wound spirally around an iron core to produce a magnetic field, used as an electromagnetic switch.
Generation of power
Single phase alternator = One loop on a shaft, the most basic form of power generation. Results in AC current.
The peak to peak time interval of the voltage sine wave is based on the number of revolutions per minute (rpm) of the shaft the wire loop is mounted.
Typically 60rpm = 60 cycles per second = 60 hertz
60 Hertz is the typical AC power frequency in the United States.
Europe = 50 Hertz
110 volts = Typical household voltage in the United States.
Europe = 220 volts
Voltage is the magnitude from the bottom to the peak of the voltage sine wave
Three phase alternator = Power is generated by putting three loops on the shaft and keeping them as separate circuits.
Loops evenly spaced around the shaft create a sine wave current shifted by 1/3 of a cycle (or 120 degrees) between each circuit.
Resulting currents are represented by three separate sine waves.
Only one circuit can be connected to achieve a normal single-phase current.
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