Four arrangements:
Series Loop System = water flows to and through each baseboard or fintube in turn
- water at the end of a run will be cooler but temp. drop seldom exceeds 20 deg in residences
- Valves at each baseboard are not possible, they would shut off the other units too.
- Adjustment by damper at each baseboard reducing natural convection of air over the fins
- known as a "one-zone" system
One Pipe System = Connect from the main pipe connect to each baseboard through a branch and fitting, water is returned to the main pipe in direction of flow through another connection branch.
- Valve can be used at each one to reduce heat or complete shutoff
- Uses more piping
- Water temp. will be lower at end run
Two Pipe Reverse-Return System = Separate branch from main supply to each baseboard but return is connected to a separate return line which follows the flow of the supply back to the boiler.
- Provides the same supply water temp. to each baseboard or radiator
- More pipe required
- Equal distribution
- Preferred option
Two Pipe Direct Return = Similar to Reverse return except the return water pipe flows in the opposite direction of the supply pipe
- Causes unequal distribution, water from first radiator returns to boiler first
- end of line radiators are "short circuited" by conflicting loops running through the previous radiators.
- Not preferred option
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